Mohsen Pourebadollahan Covich; Elham Shabanloui; Zahra Ahmadlow
Abstract
Economies of scale have been well exploited in higher education in developed countries. Universities will have the lowest average cost by operating at the optimal level while enjoying economies of scale. Considering the decrease in the allocation of financial credits of the Iranian government to universities ...
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Economies of scale have been well exploited in higher education in developed countries. Universities will have the lowest average cost by operating at the optimal level while enjoying economies of scale. Considering the decrease in the allocation of financial credits of the Iranian government to universities in Iran, it is vital for Iranian universities to operate at an optimal level. Considering the above points, in this article, an attempt is made to evaluate the extent to which non-medical public universities in Iran enjoy economies of scale. For this purpose, the data of 83 non-medical public universities for the period 1394-1395 HS were used to estimate the “product-specific” and multiproduct scale economies in Iran's higher education industry. Ray average cost was used to estimate multiproduct scale economies. In this study, faculty members, non-academic staff, and physical capital were considered as inputs, and undergraduate, master's, doctoral students and research income of universities were considered as outputs. The findings of the study indicate the existence of "product-specific economies of scale" for bachelor's and doctorate degrees. Economies of scale were not confirmed for Iran’s universities research activities. Also, the results indicate the existence of multiproduct scale economies in Iran's higher education.
zahra akhani; Ahmad Sarlak; Abolfazl saeidifar; Gholamali Haji
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of subsidy on market performance. To meet this end, the data of 122 four-digit industries collected by the Iranian Statistics Center during the years 1381-1398 HS were used. At first, the capital stock of 122 four-digit industries was calculated ...
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The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of subsidy on market performance. To meet this end, the data of 122 four-digit industries collected by the Iranian Statistics Center during the years 1381-1398 HS were used. At first, the capital stock of 122 four-digit industries was calculated based on the exponential method and Klein's relationship. To evaluate the size of the markup and Lerner's index, following the non-structural approach, the translog production function was estimated. In the next step, while using the panel data model, the impact of variables such as subsidy, research and development, tax, education cost and capital stock on mark-up was estimated. The results of the research indicated that, firstly, in Iran’s Manufacturing sector, subsidies do not lead to market power, and secondly, variables such as research and development, education, and capital stock increase market power, and tax increases lead to a decrease in market power.
Abolfazl Shahabadi; Ali Moradi; Zahra Mehradfar
Abstract
Increasing the production of renewable energy is one of the important solutions to human development in order to achieve sustainable development. Because, it can lead to a reduction in dependence on fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and ensure the health of humans and the environment. ...
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Increasing the production of renewable energy is one of the important solutions to human development in order to achieve sustainable development. Because, it can lead to a reduction in dependence on fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and ensure the health of humans and the environment. However, renewable energy production faces many economic, technical, administrative and legal barriers that identify and resolve deterrents and strengthen expanding matters. In this regard, the present research has tried to investigate the impact of ICT infrastructure, economic and institutional incentives, the system of innovations, and human resources education and development as knowledge components on the production of renewable energy in selected countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation During the period 2007-2018. For this purpose, the model is estimated by generalized moment method. The results showed that all four of these components have positive and significant effects on renewable energy production in selected countries. Also, the effect of control variables including gross per capita production, carbon dioxide emissions on production of renewable energy has been positive and significant, and the effect of fossil fuel dependency on the production of renewable energy has been negative and significant.
Masoud Bagheri ghahfarokhi; Farzad Karimi
Abstract
One of the drivers of the development of the agricultural sector is the development of production and export of the food industry as the downstream activity of this sector. Accordingly, in the present study, it has been attempted to prioritize the products of the food industry using two theories ...
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One of the drivers of the development of the agricultural sector is the development of production and export of the food industry as the downstream activity of this sector. Accordingly, in the present study, it has been attempted to prioritize the products of the food industry using two theories of economic complexity and product space. For this purpose, using the export data of food industry products at the level of four-digit HS codes, the product space of the food industry was formed and the indicators resulting from the two mentioned theories including product complexity, product density, product opportunity benefit, and the dollar value of global product imports have been calculated and used. In the framework of three separate scenarios (in each different weights have been given to the listed indicators), priority products have been prioritized for the development of food industry exports. The findings of this research can be a good guide for public sector managers who are trying to prepare an industrial development plan.
mohammad zaghian
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explain the appropriate Trade policies through understanding the intra-industry trade relations of the selected countries. While considering bilateral and multilateral trade relation, 20 countries were selected to investigate the nature of trade relationship between them ...
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The purpose of this study is to explain the appropriate Trade policies through understanding the intra-industry trade relations of the selected countries. While considering bilateral and multilateral trade relation, 20 countries were selected to investigate the nature of trade relationship between them in short and long run. For the purpose of this paper a dynamic panel data was estimated for the 2001-2015. Contrary to the results of the Goldstein-Khan study, The results indicate that the elasticity of trade with respect to other countries output is lower in short run than the long run elasticity. The results also indicate that the effect of the real exchange rate on multilateral export is greater than on the multilateral import. The impact of the GNP change of exporting and importing countries on expansion of trade between countries is the same. Finally, the results did not confirm the phenomenon j in the equation of nominal trade balance.
Farnaz Forootan; jamshid pajouyan; Farhad Ghaffari
Abstract
This paper investigates the effects of price changing of housing energy and transport fuels on household demand in 10 separate quantiles during the years 2003-2017 via a quantile regression approach. The results indicate that the sign of the own price elasticities is theoretically expected. These ...
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This paper investigates the effects of price changing of housing energy and transport fuels on household demand in 10 separate quantiles during the years 2003-2017 via a quantile regression approach. The results indicate that the sign of the own price elasticities is theoretically expected. These two mentioned categories of goods in all consuming quantiles are Hicks-Allen Substitutes and while the price of one of these two categories increases and if also this price increase is accompanied by consumer compensation, it is expected that the demand for the other category of goods will increase. In addition, the two categories housing energy and transport fuels have appeared as luxury goods in all consuming quantiles. Also, the highest percentage of consumption reduction due to a one percent increase in fuel price, after consumer compensation, is related to quantile 1 which means they were the least consuming households, and the lowest percentage is related to quantile 8, which is the most consuming quantile. But the least percentage of housing energy consumption reduction due to a one percent increase in its price, after consumer compensation, has occurred in low consuming quantile 2 and the most one has occurred in high consuming quantile 7.
