Industrial Economics, Structure_Conduct-Performance
Javad Taherizadeh Anaripour; Nadia Mirzababazadeh; Ahmad Lotfi
Abstract
The food industry in Iran is one of the vital and strategic sectors of the country's economy. This industry is important for various reasons, including ensuring food security, creating jobs, and creating added value. In this study, an attempt was made to examine barriers to entry, welfare costs of monopoly, ...
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The food industry in Iran is one of the vital and strategic sectors of the country's economy. This industry is important for various reasons, including ensuring food security, creating jobs, and creating added value. In this study, an attempt was made to examine barriers to entry, welfare costs of monopoly, and economies of scale in the food industry sector. The net entry method was used to examine barriers to entry, and the Harberger-Posner methods were used to measure welfare costs of monopoly, as well as the translog cost function to examine parametric economies of scale. For this purpose, raw data from the Statistics Center in the food industry with 14 active industries with four-digit ISIC codes during the years 2002 to 2021 were used. The research findings showed that the social costs of monopoly in the Posner method were much higher than the Harberger method. In addition, it was found that in the food industry, in addition to the high welfare costs of monopoly, the barriers to entry were high in most industries. In addition, this industry does not have economies of scale.
Industrial Economics, Structure_Conduct-Performance
Azam Heidari Ayeneh; zeinolabedin sadeghi; Sayyed Abdolmajid Jalaee
Abstract
With the intensification of global environmental challenges, green development has become an essential low-carbon and sustainable approach. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and many countries have implemented green economic policies. This study measures Green Economic Efficiency (GEE) ...
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With the intensification of global environmental challenges, green development has become an essential low-carbon and sustainable approach. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and many countries have implemented green economic policies. This study measures Green Economic Efficiency (GEE) as a key indicator using the SBM method for industrial workshops with ten or more employees across eleven industrial categories (such as beverages, food products, apparel, chemical manufacturing, etc.). It then examines the impact of production agglomeration and control variables on green efficiency over the period 2011 to 2021. Analyzing the efficiency of Iranian industries during this period reveals significant fluctuations in productivity across different sectors. The beverage industry has maintained the highest efficiency, whereas industries such as apparel and metals have performed poorly. High production agglomeration has negatively impacted green efficiency, while human capital and infrastructure development have had positive effects. Environmental regulations have been ineffective, and technological innovation has not had a significant impact. Improvement requires reducing production agglomeration, investing in workforce education, reforming environmental regulations, developing green technologies, enhancing infrastructure, and increasing energy efficiency. These measures, collectively, can contribute to the country’s sustainable industrial development.
Havzhin Azhand
Abstract
Improving environmental efficiency is one of the important solutions to achieve a balance between the goals of economic development and environmental protection. This study examines changes in environmental productivity of Iranian provinces between 2006 and 2018 and analyzes the role of energy intensity ...
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Improving environmental efficiency is one of the important solutions to achieve a balance between the goals of economic development and environmental protection. This study examines changes in environmental productivity of Iranian provinces between 2006 and 2018 and analyzes the role of energy intensity and urbanization in these changes. This research is done in three stages. First, the carbon dioxide emission (non-desirable output) of the provinces is calculated according to IPCC. Then, the environmental productivity is calculated according to the data envelopment analysis and the Meta-Frontier Non-Radial Malmquist CO2 Emission Performance Index (MNMCPI). In the end, using spatial analysis, the role of energy intensity and urbanization on the environmental productivity of the provinces is examined. According to the DEA method, the greatest and least impact of environmental productivity is the effect of innovations and the effect of efficiency, respectively. Also, the GDP has a positive effect on the environmental productivity of the provinces. According to spatial analysis, environmental productivity in one province has a positive spillover effect on the environmental productivity of neighboring provinces. Energy intensity has a negative and significant effect on environmental productivity. The growth of urbanization due to the unfavorable structure of cities leads to a decrease in environmental productivity. Reforming energy policies, using new production technology, promoting clean energy and also reforming the structure of cities, providing welfare facilities to villagers and developing and improving the public transport fleet can help improve environmental efficiency.
Industrial Economics, Structure_Conduct-Performance
Mehrnoosh Vatankhah; Ali Asghar Banouei; parisa Mohajeri
Abstract
Production chains play a pivotal role in the economic structure. Countries that have successfully developed production chains have significantly enhanced their economic performance. Given that the completion of production chains and the advancement of downstream industries are central objectives of Iran's ...
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Production chains play a pivotal role in the economic structure. Countries that have successfully developed production chains have significantly enhanced their economic performance. Given that the completion of production chains and the advancement of downstream industries are central objectives of Iran's Seventh Socio-Economic Development Plan, this study aims to calculate the complexity index of the internal environment of production chains and examine its relationship with upstream and downstream activities within the Iranian economy. To compute the complexity index of the internal environment, the average length of backward and forward linkages is calculated using Leontief's demand-driven model and Ghosh's supply-driven model, based on the most recent input-output table provided by the Central Bank of Iran for the year 2016. This index serves as the foundation for identifying upstream and downstream sectors within the economy. The findings reveal that the complexity index of production chains is greater than one in three product groups include "basic metals," "construction" and "petroleum and chemical products". This indicates that these sectors generate more extensive production chains and are positioned further from the final consumer market, thereby classifying them as downstream products. Conversely, the "crude oil and natural gas extraction" sector demonstrates the lowest complexity index, categorizing it as an upstream product group within the economy. In light of these results, the most critical policy recommendations include completing production chains by transforming crude oil and natural gas into higher-value chemical and petrochemical products, as well as identifying and addressing the missing links within the agricultural production chain.
Industrial Economics, Structure_Conduct-Performance
Ramin Behyarfar; mehrzad ebrahimi; Hashem Zare
Abstract
The housing sector is one of the driving sectors of the economy in developing countries. However, examining the trend of housing price fluctuations in the country over recent decades indicates that housing inflation is a deep-rooted issue in the Iranian economy. In such a way that in the current situation, ...
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The housing sector is one of the driving sectors of the economy in developing countries. However, examining the trend of housing price fluctuations in the country over recent decades indicates that housing inflation is a deep-rooted issue in the Iranian economy. In such a way that in the current situation, the country's housing market is in a difficult situation in terms of the mismatch between prices and citizens' purchasing power, as well as the decline in the level of construction. The present study examines the impact of immigration on housing prices in Iran using seasonal data from 1991 to 2001 within the framework of a Bayesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model. An impulse has been defined for immigration, which is explained as a first-order autoregressive process. This impulse enters the model through changes in human capital and, with changes in the structure of the population and human capital, is effective in creating fluctuations in economic variables, including housing prices. Based on the results of variance analysis, the migration shock explains more than 10% of housing price fluctuations, more than 20% of output fluctuations, and more than 14% of consumption fluctuations for the Iranian economy. Also, based on the results of the instantaneous response functions of the variables, in response to the migration shock, housing prices increase, while output, consumption, investment, capital formation in the housing sector, human capital, employment, wages, and capital stock decrease..
Industrial Economics, Structure_Conduct-Performance
Fatimah Hosseinpour; Amin Tabae Izady
Abstract
This research examines the impact of business cycles on the shipbuilding industry in Iran during 1992 to 2020. This industry is recognized as one of the key sectors in the document of general policies for marine development; however, evidence shows that its share in employment and the total value added ...
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This research examines the impact of business cycles on the shipbuilding industry in Iran during 1992 to 2020. This industry is recognized as one of the key sectors in the document of general policies for marine development; however, evidence shows that its share in employment and the total value added of the country's industry is negligible. Evidence also indicates that the shipbuilding industry has the potential to create more employment compared to the industrial sector's average. In this study, using eight regression models with an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, the impact of variables such as capital volume, labor force, steel prices, ship prices, business cycles, and sanctions is examined. To assess the influencing power of the variable, seven proxies for business cycles were selected. The results indicate that this industry has increasing returns to scale and that steel prices are among the main determinants of production. Additionally, evidence of the lack of active connection of this industry with global markets and the negative impact of sanctions on it has been observed. Overall, the results point to the isolation and lack of competitiveness of Iran's shipbuilding industry on an international level.
