salah salimian; Hamid Reza Mahmoudi Moghaddam; Kiumars Shahbazi; Hossein Solki
Abstract
From the perspective of international relations scholars, especially in the liberal tradition, economic cooperation such as trade and investment play a key role in promoting peace and preventing war. Accordingly, the present article, while pointing to objective examples of international relations using ...
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From the perspective of international relations scholars, especially in the liberal tradition, economic cooperation such as trade and investment play a key role in promoting peace and preventing war. Accordingly, the present article, while pointing to objective examples of international relations using "game theory" shows how "economic cooperation in the form of international investment can "While maximizing the benefit of investors, it prevents war and the development of peace". In this paper, using game theory and providing a static game between players, Model the game between investors and countries (with the same economic power) has been dealt with according to each player's possible strategies. To this purpose firstly considered two countries that indifferent to one another and in the third case, there are three countries, one of which is enemy and the other indifferent. Given the equilibrium obtained in all three cases the overall result is that Investor by forming portfolios and investing in different markets and countries achieve the best outcome (Nash equilibrium) by building interaction and peace.
maryam amiri; Seyed Nematalleh Musavi; Abas Aminifard
Abstract
Due to the impacts of exchange rate on the value of energy sector variables, this study investigates Exchange rate Overshooting and its effect on energy sector (oil-gas) Value Added. For this purpose, in the two scenarios, firstly, using the Mandel Fleming and Dornbusch model, the exchange rate was analyzed ...
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Due to the impacts of exchange rate on the value of energy sector variables, this study investigates Exchange rate Overshooting and its effect on energy sector (oil-gas) Value Added. For this purpose, in the two scenarios, firstly, using the Mandel Fleming and Dornbusch model, the exchange rate was analyzed And by using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Approach, long-run relationships between exchange rate monetary Overshooting variables and other variables were determined.. In the second scenario, to investigate the effects of exchange rate monetary Overshooting and its effect on the value added of the energy sector ,we used the threshold regression model (TAR) with two different regimes .According to the results when the exchange rate is below the threshold (149.98), the variables of gross fixed capital formation and currency exchange rate overshooting are not significant and the variables of energy consumption, inflation and capital stock have a significant effect on the value added of the energy sector. Also after the threshold (149.98) the variables of capital stock and inflation are not significant and the variables of energy consumption exchange rate monetary Overshooting and gross fixed capital formation have a significant effect on the value added of the energy sector.
Mansour Asgari
Abstract
exports and the competitiveness of small and medium industries in Iran in order to develop exports. Competitiveness for small and medium-sized enterprises is an important and central issue that serves as a tool to achieve optimal economic growth and sustainable development. This study analyzes the factors ...
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exports and the competitiveness of small and medium industries in Iran in order to develop exports. Competitiveness for small and medium-sized enterprises is an important and central issue that serves as a tool to achieve optimal economic growth and sustainable development. This study analyzes the factors affecting the export and competitiveness of these industries and the ranking of their competitiveness in the period 2002-18, using the data of industrial enterprises by three-digit ISIC codes 10 to 149 employees. In this study, four indicators of relative price, unit wage of labor force, the ratio of capital formation to changes in sales and value added of employees of industrial enterprises have been considered as factors affecting changes in competitiveness. In this study, data panel econometric method is used, which shows that the export elasticity of small and medium enterprises to production, labor wage and value added per unit of labor are equal to 0.48, -0.55 and 0.67, respectively. The industries of Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and molluscs have the highest export competitiveness and the Manufacture of medical and dental instruments and supplies have the lowest one.
soheila mirzababazadeh; Somayeh Shahhoseini
Abstract
The characteristics of the export basket, which is related to the export technology content, have been considered by economists in recent years, Exports based on technology-oriented industries, due to high value added and to be effective on other economic sectors, are the most important drivers of economic ...
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The characteristics of the export basket, which is related to the export technology content, have been considered by economists in recent years, Exports based on technology-oriented industries, due to high value added and to be effective on other economic sectors, are the most important drivers of economic growth, especially in developed countries. Iran also needs to upgrade the export technology content in order to develop industrial exports, and to advance its economic goals. The technology content of export is affected by product quality, research and development and export share and is made according to OECD based on research and development intensity. Given the effective role that technology content plays in export development and economic growth, This paper is done with the aim of analyzing technology content of export at the level of four-digit ISIC and tow-digit ISIC codes during 2011 to 2015. Obtained results indicate that the variables of human capital, GDP capital, trade openness and Intra-industry trade index have a positive and significant effect on the export technology content of two-digit ISIC code industries. and the human capital has the greatest effect on the export technology content index.
Naeimeh Hozouri; Kiumars Shahbazi
Abstract
Today, one of the most important threats to manufacturers of high quality signs is the presence of manufacturers who offer the same signs with low quality and lower price. In this article, two main manufacturing companies are considered, one is the main manufacturing company and produces both types of ...
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Today, one of the most important threats to manufacturers of high quality signs is the presence of manufacturers who offer the same signs with low quality and lower price. In this article, two main manufacturing companies are considered, one is the main manufacturing company and produces both types of signs (both high quality and low quality) and the other company is only producing low quality signs. Then the game between these two companies is designed and the consequences of this game are reviewed and strategies are provided for the producers of high quality and low quality signs in the field of price. The results show a direct relationship between the price of a low quality token and the quality of a high quality token. There is also a direct relationship between price and quality of high quality tokens. On the other hand, the relationship between the quality of the low quality production mark and the production costs of the high quality mark is inverse. Also, the relationship between low quality production mark and unfavorableness due to the purchase of low quality goods (λ) is inverse. One of the most important results obtained in this research can be said that the welfare effects of the producer of high quality signs will increase if they enter the market of low quality signs.
zorar permeh
Abstract
The prevalence of Covid-19 disease has affected almost all countries in the world, and in addition to creating a wave of infection and mortality in most countries, it has affected their economic outcomes. However, the consequences of this disease are more severe and complex for the Iranian economy, which ...
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The prevalence of Covid-19 disease has affected almost all countries in the world, and in addition to creating a wave of infection and mortality in most countries, it has affected their economic outcomes. However, the consequences of this disease are more severe and complex for the Iranian economy, which is also facing US sanctions. Due to the impact of Corona virus on the industrial sector, it is necessary to examine its effects and consequences using a general equilibrium framework (social accounting matrix). Accordingly, according to the latest social accounting matrix in 1390, this study has been done. According to the results, the disease affects all economic sectors. As a result of this impulse, industry GDP in the first and second months decreases by 9 to 14 percentage points, which is difficult to repair in the coming months. Proposed policies to overcome the current situation include: Tax rebates or exemptions for affected firms; Forgiveness of premiums for injured units; Extension of the period of payment of utility bills, water, electricity, gas and other municipal services for the affected guilds and businesses; Delaying and providing respite regarding bank installments of trade unions and damaged businesses.
