razieh jalal zadeh; zeinolabedin sadeghi; Seyed Abdolmajid Jalaee; Mehdi Nejati
Abstract
In a participatory economic model for regional air pollution, an important point is how to rationally and fairly allocate costs and benefits to participants. Based on this principle, much and extensive research has been conducted on topics such as the distribution of benefits by using cooperative game ...
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In a participatory economic model for regional air pollution, an important point is how to rationally and fairly allocate costs and benefits to participants. Based on this principle, much and extensive research has been conducted on topics such as the distribution of benefits by using cooperative game theory. In this study, the effect of air pollution limitation on Iran’s employment of manufacturing firms has been investigated. Based on the minimum costs-remaining savings (MCRS) method, the total benefits of manufacturing Firms and the level of employment of them with 10 labor and more in the interactive econometrics model are more than the case of reducing pollution alone. Vice versa, the cost of reducing carbon dioxide emission in the interactive econometric model is lower than in the case of pollution reduction alone. The results show that the presented interactive econometrics model is superior to the current separate control model in terms of increasing employment and economies of expense for the same level of pollution control. Therefore, the current results can provide an important reference to support the regional decision-making, in addition to promoting cooperation and achieving win-win outcome for the participants.
Lotfali Agheli; Miabdolah Hosseini
Abstract
to purchase new machinery and equipment and replacing worn-out machines have great importance. Regarding the capital constraint in the mining sector, not using it indicates the weakness of management and the level of actual production is less than the potential level. Accordingly, the present study intends ...
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to purchase new machinery and equipment and replacing worn-out machines have great importance. Regarding the capital constraint in the mining sector, not using it indicates the weakness of management and the level of actual production is less than the potential level. Accordingly, the present study intends to investigate the factors affecting the average productivity of capital in the mining sector of Iran over the period 1983-2017. Capital in this sector is in the form of equipment and machinery as well as financial capital. Based on the results, the average productivity of capital has been accompanied by many changes, and its lowest amount is observed in the years of the imposed war. Estimation of the econometric model showed that the inverse per capita capital, mineral price index, energy efficiency, and private sector share in ownership have a significant effect on capital productivity at the level of 5%. Therefore, an increase in energy efficiency and a decrease in per capita capital increase average capital productivity. On the other hand, increasing the price of minerals increases capital productivity.
samaneh noraniazad; Alireza Moghali; nahid zarei
Abstract
The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the effect of markup and corporate governance on tax avoidance of the listed companies in the Tehran stock exchange. For this purpose, data from 100 active manufacturing firms over the periods of 2011-2019 were used. The results indicate that the managers ...
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The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the effect of markup and corporate governance on tax avoidance of the listed companies in the Tehran stock exchange. For this purpose, data from 100 active manufacturing firms over the periods of 2011-2019 were used. The results indicate that the managers of the firms which have market power are not worried about reducing profits because of being in a safe hedge and the immunities against their rivals.Also, the managers for having the payment rewards and shareholders’ incentive schemes, try to maximize the wealth and worth of the firm and increase tax avoidance drastically. Moreover, the results of the corporate governance indicate that institutional investors, due to the high financial benefits of investing and achieving market power, will have a higher motivation to monitor the managers’ activity to reduce agency costs and increase tax avoidance. Overall, managers and shareholders try to increase tax avoidance by reducing benefits conflicts.
zeinab nazari; abdullah shayan
Abstract
This research has been conducted to investigate the effect of foreign exchange and trade policies on Iran's petrochemical exports during the years 1971 to 2019 and to provide necessary policy solutions in this field. In this study, the effective exchange rate of export approach, which is the official ...
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This research has been conducted to investigate the effect of foreign exchange and trade policies on Iran's petrochemical exports during the years 1971 to 2019 and to provide necessary policy solutions in this field. In this study, the effective exchange rate of export approach, which is the official exchange rate adjusted by government subsidies paid to the export sector, has been used to assess the impact of foreign exchange and trade policies. Vector autoregressive with exogenous variables approach is used to estimate the model. Then, to study the impact of foreign exchange and trade policies, the effective exchange rate of the petrochemical exports has been considered in the petrochemical exports model. According to the results, foreign exchange and trade policies in the under-review period have been effective in strengthening petrochemical exports. Also, the other results indicate the lower impact of foreign exchange policies through the devaluation of money than the impact of trade policies through subsidies paid to exporters, on petrochemical exports; Another result is the negative effect of the relative difference between the unofficial exchange rate and the effective exchange rate of exports on the export of petrochemical products.
ali yonesi; amir ali farhang; roozbeh balounejad nouri
Abstract
Nowadays, improving income diversification has become very important by changing the income portfolio from lending activities to non-lending activities and it is mentioned as a factor that strengthens the market power in banks. On the other hand, improving the market power of banks can have a significant ...
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Nowadays, improving income diversification has become very important by changing the income portfolio from lending activities to non-lending activities and it is mentioned as a factor that strengthens the market power in banks. On the other hand, improving the market power of banks can have a significant impact on their income diversity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between income diversity and market power in the Iranian banking system, which has been conducted using the pooled mean group (PMG) method in a sample of 18 banks in the country from the years 2012 to 2021. Market power also helps banks take advantage of growth opportunities in non-traditional businesses, which leads to an increase in the fee-based income ratio in the banks' revenue structure, and government-affiliated banks have taken advantage of these opportunities and generated more non-interest income than their private counterparts. Based on the results of the present study, there is a positive and significant relationship between the banks’ non-traditional income and market power. According to the obtained results, it is suggested that banks consider income diversification policy with special attention.
Alireza Dehgan; mehrzad ebrahimi; Hashem Zareh; Abbas Amini Fard
Abstract
High-tech industries have a significant share in domestic and foreign production, employment, and capital market in developing economies. These industries are always considered as leading industries in products with a competitive advantage in the analysis of development and growth of countries. Therefore, ...
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High-tech industries have a significant share in domestic and foreign production, employment, and capital market in developing economies. These industries are always considered as leading industries in products with a competitive advantage in the analysis of development and growth of countries. Therefore, In the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate the role of innovation and intellectual property in these industries' growth by using data related to the high-tech industries' product growth. For this purpose, a model using the panel data method in 11 selected Middle Eastern countries in the period 2009 to 2018 has been estimated. The dependent variable of the model is the growth of high-tech industries and its independent variables are innovation and intellectual property, infrastructure development, per capita income of employees, and foreign direct investment. The results of model estimation show that all of the mentioned independent variables have a positive and significant effect on the growth of high-tech industries..
