با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن اقتصاد دفاع ایران و انجمن اقتصاد انرژی ایران

Document Type : applicative

Authors

1 Economics Ph.D. Student, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR) on Tarbiat Modares University

2 M.A. in Economics, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR) on Tarbiat Modares University

Abstract

Regarding the importance of research and development (R&D) expenditure on industrial firms’productivity growth, in this study, the R&D expenditure effectiveness has been examined on the labor productivity growth rate of small industries during 1994-2013. In order to estimate the models, the dynamic panel data method and Generalized Method of Moments(GMM) estimators are used. The results show that the all R&D expenditure indicators which considered have positive and significant effects on the labor productivity growth. In other word, spending in sectors such as: R&D ,laboratories, buying and updating software and training workshops for employees of small industries can be effective in labor productivity growth rate positively and significantly. Furthermore, the effect of total R&D expenditure on labor productivity growth has been estimated positive, significant and equal to 16.07 percent.

Keywords

طیبی، سید کمیل؛ حاجی‌کرمی، مرضیه و هما سریری (1390)، "تحلیل درجه باز بودن مالی و تجاری روی توسعه مالی ایران و شرکای تجاری"،  فصلنامه تحقیقات اقتصادی راه اندیشه، صص60-39.
امینی، علیرضا و زهره حجازی (1387)، "تحلیل نقش سرمایه انسانی و تحقیق­وتوسعه در ارتقای بهره­وری کل عوامل در اقتصاد ایران"، فصلنامه پژوهش­های اقتصادی ایران، شماره 35، صص 30-1.
شاه آبادی، ابوالفضل و امید رحمانی (1389). "نقش انباشت تحقیق­وتوسعه بر رشد بهره­وری بخش صنعت ایران"، فصلنامه تخصصی پارک­ها و مراکز رشد، سال هفتم، شماره 25، صص 38-28.
واعظ، محمد؛ طیبی، سید کمیل و عبداله قنبری (1386). "نقش هزینه­های تحقیق­وتوسعه در ارزش افزوده صنایع با فناوری بالا"، فصلنامه بررسی­های اقتصادی، دوره4، شماره4، زمستان 1386، صص 72-53.
Anderson, T.W. and C. Hsiao (1981), “Estimation of Dynamic Models with Error Components”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 76(375), pp. 589-606.
Arellano, M. and S. Bond (1991). “Some test of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and Application to Employment Equations”, Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), pp. 277-297.
Arellano, M. and O. Bover (1995). “Another look at the Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error Component Models”, Journal of Econometrics, 68(1), pp. 29-51.
Baltagi, B. (2005). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, Third edition, McGraw-Hill.
Blundell, R. and S. Bond (1998). “Initial Conditions and Moment Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models”, Journal of Econometrics, 87(1), pp. 115-143.
Matyas, L. and P. Sevestre (1996). The Econometrics of Panel Data, A Handbook of the Theory with Applications.
Bogliacino, F. and M. Pianta (2011). “Engines of Growthinnovation and Productivity in Industry Groups”, Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 22(1), pp.41–53.
Clark, B. and Z. Griliches (1984). “Productivity Growth and R&D at the Business level: Results of the PIMS data base”, In: Griliches, Z. (Ed.), Patents and productivity. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp.393-416.
Coe, D. and E. Helpman (1995). “International R&D Spillovers”, European Economic Review. 39(5), pp. 859-887.
Croes, M.M. (2000). “Data for Intangibles in Selected OECD Countries”, Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, CBS, Statistics Netherlands.
Ebrahimi, H. (1382). “Total Factor Productivity Change in Iranwithemphasis on Endogenous Growth Models”, Thesis of Master, Tabatabai School of Economics.
Griliches, Z. (1979). “Issues in Assessing the Contribution of Research and Development to Productivity Growth”, Bell Journal of Economics, 10(1), pp. 92-116.
Griliches, Z. and J. Mairesse (1984). “Productivity and R&D at the firm level”, In: Griliches, Z. (Ed), R&D, Patent, and Productivity, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 339-374.
Griliches, Z. (1988). “Productivity Puzzles and R&D: Another Non-explanation”. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2(4), pp. 9-21.
Hall, B.H. and J. Mairesse (1995). “Exploring the Relationship between R&D and Productivity in French Manufacturing Firms”. Journal of Econometrics, 65(1), pp. 263-293.
Harhoff, D. (1998). “R&D and Productivity in German Manufacturing Firms”, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 6(1), pp. 29-49.
Hsiao, C. (2003). Analysis of Panel Data, 2nd Edition, Cambridge University Press, Ch. 4, pp. 1-4.
Im, K.S., Pesaran, M.H. and Y. Shin (2003). “Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 115(1), pp. 53– 74.
Kwon, H.U. and T. Inui (2003). “R&D and Productivity Growth in Japanese Manufacturing Firms”, ESRI Discussion Paper Series, No. 44.
Lichtenberg, F. R. and D.S. Siegel (1991). “The Impact of R&D Investment on Productivity-new Evidence Using linked R&D-LRD Data”, Economic Inquiry, 29(2), pp.203-228.
Phillips, P.C.B. and P. Perron (1988). “Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression”, Biometrika, 75(2), pp. 335-346.
Maddala, G.S. and S. Wu (1999). “A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and a new Simple Test”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61(S1), pp. 631–52.
Mate-Garcia, J. and J.M. Rodriguez-Fernandez (2008). “Productivity and R&D: an Econometric Evidence from Spanish firm-level data”, Applied Economics, 40(14), pp. 1827-1837.
OECD (2002). “STI Review; Spatial Issue on New Science and Technology Indicators”, OECD, Paris.
Ortega-Argilés R.; Piva, M.; Potters, L. and M. Vivarelli (2010). “Is Corporate R&D Investment in High-tech Sectors More Effective?”, Contemporary Economic Policy, 28(3), pp. 353–365.
Rogers, M. (2006). “R&D and Productivity in the UK: Evidence from Firm-level Data in the 1990s”, Economics Series Working Papers, No255, University of Oxford, Oxford.
Wakelin, K. (2001). “Productivity Growth and R&D Expenditure in UK Manufacturing Firms”, Research Policy, 30(7), pp. 1079-1090.
Wang, J.C. and K.H. Tsai (2004). “Productivity Growth and R&D Expenditure in Taiwan's Manufacturing Firms”, Cambridge, M.A: National Bureau of Economic Research Working PaperSeries, No.9724.