Document Type : applicative
Authors
1
Assistant Professor , Department of Economics, Faculty of Management, and Economics, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
2
PhD student of Economic, Department of Economics, Faculty of Management and Economics, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
3
Assistant Professor of Economics, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
10.30473/jier.2026.78104.1544
Abstract
The decline in environmental quality and the increase in CO₂ greenhouse gas emissions are one of the most important challenges facing societies, especially developing countries. In the meantime, the development of industrial exports, despite its role in economic growth, can have adverse environmental consequences. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of industrial exports on CO₂ emissions in Iran, using the fuzzy regression method for the period 1992–2024. In this study, in addition to industrial exports, gross domestic product, energy intensity, and urbanization rate were also included as variables affecting CO2 emissions in the model. The results showed that industrial exports have a positive effect on CO₂ emissions in Iran with a fuzzy coefficient of (0.0942, 0.0047), which indicates that Iran, as a host country and a sender of industrial exports, exports most of the goods that reduce the quality of its own environment. Also, GDP, energy intensity, and urbanization rate have also had a positive effect on CO₂ emissions; so that economic growth in Iran's current conditions continues to be accompanied by increasing environmental pressures, higher energy consumption, especially fossil fuels, increases CO₂ emissions, and urbanization increases greenhouse gas emissions through increased demand for energy, transportation, construction, and consumption. Overall, the research findings show that achieving economic growth and environmental protection simultaneously in Iran requires improving energy efficiency, using clean technologies, and moving towards developing low-carbon industrial exports.
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